The South Korean electronics giant, which has seen a surge in demand for chips, broke ground on the new plant in the city of Pyeongtaek, 70 kilometres (44 miles) south of Seoul. Production at the 2.89 million square-meter plant will begin in the latter half of 2017, Samsung said in a statement.
The investment of $14.3 billion is the largest amount the firm has ever committed to a single plant, it added.
"The Pyeongtaek semiconductor plant will play a key role in strengthening our leadership in mobile and server (chip) market where demand has soared recently, and secure a leading position (in) the next-generation Internet of Things market," it said.
It was referring to a platform that connects a wide array of Internet-enabled devices from refrigerators to cars.
Samsung's chipmaking unit - the world's second-largest after Intel - has helped cushion a recent slump in the firm's smartphone business. The company, which is the world's top maker of smartphones and handsets in general, has reported an on-year decline in net profit for four straight quarters.
Last month it posted a near 40% fall in first quarter net profit, missing analysts' estimates, while operating profit of the key mobile unit dropped nearly 60% from a year ago. However, operating profit of the semiconductor unit soared more than 50% on-year to 2.93 trillion won, and was up 8.5% from the fourth quarter.
Samsung's semiconductor unit provides chips for handsets, computers and servers, and for Samsung products as well as other electronics giants including Apple.
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