The country has been struggling for years to overhaul Eskom which is plagued by corruption and mismanagement and reeling under an almost R400bn debt pile.
Finance minister Enoch Godongwana told Reuters last week he was "sharpening his pencil" to provide details, so far scarce, for taking on between one- and two-thirds of Eskom's debt in his 22 February budget presentation.
"The more debt the government is willing to take on, the better for Eskom, because it will help to reduce its interest costs, which is one of the big problems," said Max Wolman, senior portfolio manager at Abrdn, which holds the bonds.
Eskom's debt pile is not just big, it is also complex.
According to the latest company report, just over 42% of its R396bn burden is in domestic rand-denominated bonds and nearly a third is owed to development finance institutions including the World Bank and China Development Bank.
Another 15% is international bonds, held by global asset managers such as PIMCO, BlackRock and Fidelity, according to recent filings. Citi says three-quarters of its bonds are government-guaranteed.
Eskom's international bonds could rally if the government takes on two-thirds of the debt, Wolman said, while limiting that to one third or carrying out the debt transfer over a long period of time could be negative.
While Godongwana said a transfer would happen in phases to keep South Africa's debt-to-GDP levels stable, he did not provide details.
The plans have been years in the making with the government first pondering a debt transfer some four years ago, said Olga Constantatos, head of credit at Futuregrowth Asset Management.
"The magnitude of the crisis at Eskom is escalating and we believe more urgent and focused action is needed," she said.
While the situation is pressing, it could take a while before a transfer is actioned after the budget.
"There is likely to be little in terms of action on the back of this announcement," said Alexander Rozhetskin at Citi. "We expect that Eskom will need to meet certain criteria before it can offload some of its debt on to the sovereign."
Citi is positive on Eskom debt, especially longer-dated issues which would reap more benefits from a transfer, predicting spreads could tighten at least 100 basis points.
Eskom's bonds seem to reflect part of that optimism, with some of its international issues up more than 8 cents on the dollar this year to trade at multi-month highs, Tradeweb data shows.
Khanyisa Phika and Murendeni Nengovhela, economists at Alexforbes, a local firm that holds Eskom debt, expect the government to present "a credible action plan" and take on R250bn of its debt. But they also hope the government will make progress on another long-standing issue, namely splitting the behemoth into generation, transmission and distribution arms.
Split or not, Eskom "should now be considered an extension of the sovereign, and bonds should trade as such", JPMorgan analyst Zafar Nazim wrote in a note to clients, encouraging investors to buy Eskom's Eurobonds before the budget.
He estimated that even without the debt transfer, recently approved tariff increases of 18.6% for the 2023/4 financial year and 12.7% for 2024/5, combined with ongoing government cash injections, would cut Eskom's net leverage to under three times by 2024/5, from 6.5 times three years earlier.
Eskom's diversity of creditors has given the company a wide range of funding avenues but it could also hold up any debt transfer, said Jones Gondo, an analyst at Nedbank.
"At any point, any of those groups can say we don't like this," Gondo said. "The transaction is not successful unless you transfer the full amount. You can't have any kind of overhang in the execution of this."
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